1 Quantum Teleportation Tutorial

Scientific advances supporting the growth of our nation’s information infrastructure presently derive exclusively from features of classical physics. But in recent years, a new framework has emerged to develop information technologies that operate according to the more fundamental laws of quantum physics. The intersection of quantum physics with information theory has led to quantum information science, a revolutionary approach that provides insight into the “physics of information.” More importantly, quantum information science provides opportunities to both enhance and radically alter our current capabilities for computation, communication, and sensing. Quantum Information Science Quantum information, like classical information, is built up from logical states, namely, 1’s and 0’s. These logical states represent information that is manipulated by an information processing device, e.g., a computer, where the bits of information are encoded into the physical system and controlled in an algorithmic manner. What distinguishes quantum information from classical information is how this encoding is accomplished. Current information processing devices rely on classical signals to encode the logical states, e.g., positive and negative voltages encode the 0’s and 1’s in classical computers. Such devices are well described by classical physics. Quantum information processing differs in that the physical systems used to encode bits of information behave according to the laws of quantum mechanics.